这些改革是由戈尔巴乔夫发起的。

The reforms were ___initiated by Gorbachev.

公司计划在下个月启动一项新的培训项目。

The company plans to ___initiate a new training program next month.

要掌握一项新技能，你必须首先开始一个持续的练习计划。

To master a new skill, you must first ___initiate a consistent practice routine.