他们的推理被视为循环论证而被驳回：地球是平的，因为地图显示它是平的；而地图是准确的，因为它基于地球是平的这个事实。

Their reasoning was dismissed as a ___circular argument: the Earth is flat because the map shows it to be, and the map is accurate because it's based on the Earth being flat.

这个理论因是循环论证而受到批评；它把自己的结论用作证据，没有提供任何新的解释力。

The theory was criticised for being ___circular; it used its own conclusion as evidence, offering no new explanatory power.

这位哲学家指出了循环证明的逻辑缺陷，这种证明仅仅假设了它试图确立的东西。

The philosopher pointed out the logical flaw of a ___circular proof, which merely assumes what it sets out to establish.