她的知识来源于实践经验而非正规教育。

Her knowledge comes from practical experience rather than ___formal education.

他是一位自学成才的画家，没有接受过正规的绘画指导。

He is a self-taught artist with no ___formal instruction in painting.

许多职业都需要某种形式的正规资格认证。

Many professions require some form of ___formal qualification.