他们的行为没有任何正当理由。

Their actions had no ___justification whatsoever.

在她的论文中，她为这一伦理框架提供了哲学上的论证。

In her thesis, she provides a philosophical ___justification for this ethical framework.

你花这么多钱吃一顿饭的理由是什么？

What's your ___justification for spending so much on a single meal?