Investors were relieved when the company recovered most of the funds from the failed venture.

recovered 是动词 recover 的过去式。recover 由前缀 re-（表示"重新、再次"）和 cover（覆盖、包含）组成，字面意思是"重新获得"，引申为"恢复、收回"的意思。在这里指"收回资金"的动作。