Grammar
BEFORE THE NOUN
EGP #3 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / combining Can use a comma to combine two adjectives used before the noun, following the usual order of adjective types. 制卡口径：受控造句；关键词覆盖 adjective + comma + adjective，两个形容词均置于名词前。
COMBINING COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES WITH 'AND'
EGP #4 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / combining Can use 'and' to join a limited range of comparative adjectives. 制卡口径：受控造句；关键词覆盖 comparative adjective + and + comparative adjective。
COMBINING MORE THAN TWO ADJECTIVES
EGP #5 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / combining Can use commas and 'and' to join more than two adjectives, after 'be'. 制卡口径：受控造句；be 后至少三个形容词，前项用逗号，最后一项前用 and。
COMBINING THE SAME COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVE WITH 'AND'
EGP #6 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / combining Can use 'and' to repeat a comparative adjective to indicate change over time, usually after 'become' or 'get'. 制卡口径：受控造句；同一个比较级在 and 两侧重复。
COMPOUND ADJECTIVES
EGP #7 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / combining | lexical range 1 Can use a limited range of compound adjectives ('good-looking', 'well-known'). 制卡口径：整个带连字符的复合形容词作为一个关键词。
FORM/USE: WITH '(SO) MUCH'
EGP #22 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / comparatives Can use '(so) much' to modify and intensify comparative adjectives used predicatively after a verb, usually 'be'. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: WITH 'A (LITTLE) BIT'
EGP #23 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / comparatives Can use 'a (little) bit' to modify comparative adjectives used predicatively after a verb, usually 'be'. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: WITH 'AND'
EGP #24 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / comparatives Can use 'and' to repeat a comparative adjective to indicate change over time, usually after 'become' or 'get'. ► adjectives: comparatives Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: WITH 'EVEN'
EGP #25 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / comparatives Can use 'even' to modify and intensify comparative adjectives used predicatively after a verb, usually 'be' and 'get'. Lexical range: N/A
ADJECTIVE PHRASE + NOUN
EGP #36 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / modifying Can use adjective phrases attributively, before a noun. Lexical range: N/A
WITH 'ENOUGH'
EGP #37 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / modifying Can use 'enough' to modify adjectives. Lexical range: N/A
WITH 'QUITE A'
EGP #38 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / modifying Can form adjective phrases with 'quite a' + adjective. Lexical range: N/A
WITH 'TOO' + 'TO'-INFINITIVE
EGP #39 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / modifying Can use 'too' before adjectives followed by 'to'-infinitive. Lexical range: N/A
ADJECTIVES WITH PREFIX 'A-'
EGP #49 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / position Can use adjectives with the prefix a- ('asleep', 'awake', 'alive', 'alone') predicatively only, after linking verbs. Lexical range: N/A
ATTRIBUTIVE (WITH NOUNS)
EGP #50 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / position Can use an increasing range of adjectives attributively, before a noun. ► noun phrases Lexical range: 2
WITH 'MAKE' AS OBJECT COMPLEMENT
EGP #51 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / position Can use adjectives as object complement after 'make'. Lexical range: N/A
WITH PRONOUN
EGP #52 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / position Can use an adjective or adjective phrase after pronouns like 'something', 'nothing', 'somewhere', 'nowhere'. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: COMPLEX NOUN PHRASES
EGP #69 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / superlatives Can form an increasing range of complex noun phrases with a superlative adjective + prepositional phrase, to talk about something unique. ► noun phrases Lexical range: 2
FORM/USE: 'THE BEST' WITH NOUN AND PRESENT PERFECT
EGP #70 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / superlatives Can use 'the best' before a noun + present perfect to talk about a unique experience. Lexical range: N/A
'ONE OF THE'
EGP #71 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / superlatives Can use 'one of the' before a superlative adjective, followed by a plural noun. ► noun phrases Lexical range: N/A
'THE BEST' WITH NOUN AND 'TO-' INFINITIVE
EGP #72 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / superlatives Can use 'the best' before a noun + 'to'-infinitive. ► clauses: comparative Lexical range: N/A
WITH DETERMINERS
EGP #73 | B1 | ADJECTIVES / superlatives Can form noun phrases with a range of determiners before a superlative adjective. ► noun phrases Lexical range: N/A
TIME
EGP #95 | B1 | ADVERBS / adverbs as modifiers Can use an increasing range of adverbs to refer to the timing of an event. Lexical range: 2
PLACE
EGP #96 | B1 | ADVERBS / adverbs as modifiers Can use an increasing range of adverbs and adverb phrases ('near', 'far away', 'upstairs', 'downstairs') to indicate place. Lexical range: 2
DEGREE WITH VERBS
EGP #97 | B1 | ADVERBS / adverbs as modifiers Can use an increasing range of degree adverbs ('a little', 'a bit') with verbs to indicate degree or intensity. ► determiners Lexical range: 2
DEGREE, 'REALLY REALLY'
EGP #98 | B1 | ADVERBS / adverbs as modifiers Can use 'really really' with verbs and adjectives for emphasis. Lexical range: N/A
MANNER
EGP #99 | B1 | ADVERBS / adverbs as modifiers Can use an increasing range of manner adverbs and adverb phrases to modify how something happens. Lexical range: 2
LINKING
EGP #100 | B1 | ADVERBS / adverbs as modifiers Can use an increasing range of adverbs ('therefore', 'furthermore', 'otherwise') to show a relationship between two clauses or sentences. Lexical range: 2
FOCUS
EGP #101 | B1 | ADVERBS / adverbs as modifiers Can use an increasing range of focusing adverbs ('particularly', 'especially') to point to or highlight something. ► adverbs: position Lexical range: 2
ORGANISING
EGP #102 | B1 | ADVERBS / adverbs as modifiers Can use adverbs as discourse markers to organise text. ► adverbs: position ► Discourse markers Lexical range: 2
CERTAINTY
EGP #103 | B1 | ADVERBS / adverbs as modifiers Can use an increasing range of adverbs to indicate degrees of certainty. Lexical range: 2
STANCE
EGP #104 | B1 | ADVERBS / adverbs as modifiers Can use an increasing range of adverbs ('completely', 'obviously', 'clearly', 'actually', 'luckily', 'honestly', 'sadly', 'basically', 'obviously', 'hopefully') to indicate an attitude or viewpoint. Lexical range: 2
DEGREE, MODIFYING ADVERBS
EGP #118 | B1 | ADVERBS / adverbs and adverb phrases: types and meanings Can use a limited range of degree adverbs to modify adverbs. ► adverb phrases: form Lexical range: 1
MANNER, MODIFYING VERBS
EGP #119 | B1 | ADVERBS / adverbs and adverb phrases: types and meanings Can use an increasing range of manner adverbs to modify verbs. Lexical range: 2
FORM/USE: MODIFYING CLAUSES, STANCE
EGP #120 | B1 | ADVERBS / adverbs and adverb phrases: types and meanings Can use adverbs to modify clauses and sentences to indicate stance or attitude. Lexical range: 2
ADVERB + ADVERB
EGP #143 | B1 | ADVERBS / adverb phrases - form Can modify an increasing range of adverbs with other adverbs.► adverbs and adverb phrases: types and meanings Lexical range: 2
FINITE AFTER 'THAN'
EGP #150 | B1 | CLAUSES / comparatives Can use 'than' + a finite clause forming the second part of a comparison after a comparative adjective Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: NON-FINITE AFTER 'THAN'
EGP #151 | B1 | CLAUSES / comparatives Can use 'than' + a limited range of non-finite clauses (with -ing), forming the second part of a comparison after a comparative adjective Lexical range: 1
FORM/USE: 'AS … AS'
EGP #152 | B1 | CLAUSES / comparatives Can use '(not) as' + adjective/adverb + 'as' to introduce a clause (often with a substitute auxiliary verb) to talk about two things being equal or unequal in some way. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'RATHER THAN' + PHRASE
EGP #153 | B1 | CLAUSES / comparatives Can use 'rather than' + noun phrase or prepositional phrase to stress one element in a comparison. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'THE BEST (THAT)'
EGP #154 | B1 | CLAUSES / comparatives Can use 'the best (that)' followed by a clause with the present perfect to talk about something unique. Lexical range: N/A
'TOO' + 'TO'-INFINITIVE
EGP #155 | B1 | CLAUSES / comparatives Can use 'too' + adjective + 'to'-infinitive. Lexical range: N/A
'THE SAME' (+ NOUN) + 'AS' + PRONOUN OR NOUN
EGP #156 | B1 | CLAUSES / comparatives Can use 'the same' (+ noun) + 'as' + pronoun or noun. Lexical range: N/A
'SO' + ADJECTIVE + 'THAT' CLAUSE
EGP #157 | B1 | CLAUSES / comparatives Can use 'so' + adjective + 'that' clause. Lexical range: N/A
SENSE VERBS + 'AS IF' OR 'AS THOUGH' + FINITE CLAUSE
EGP #158 | B1 | CLAUSES / comparatives Can use verbs of the senses + 'as if' or 'as though' + finite clause. Lexical range: N/A
LINKING VERB + 'LIKE' OR 'SIMILAR TO'
EGP #159 | B1 | CLAUSES / comparatives Can use linking verbs + 'like' or 'similar to'. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: MULTIPLE MAIN CLAUSES, NARRATIVE
EGP #172 | B1 | CLAUSES / coordinated Can combine multiple main clauses with a range of conjunctions, often in a narrative context. Lexical range: N/A
'EITHER … OR'
EGP #173 | B1 | CLAUSES / coordinated Can combine two main clauses of the same type using 'either' in front or mid position, followed by 'or' to introduce the second clause. Lexical range: N/A
COMBINING CLAUSES OF THE SAME TYPE
EGP #174 | B1 | CLAUSES / coordinated Can combine clauses of the same type, main or subordinate, finite or non-finite, with conjunctions. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: AUXILIARY 'DO', FOR EMPHASIS
EGP #185 | B1 | CLAUSES / declarative Can use the auxiliary verb 'do' in an affirmative declarative clause, for emphasis and affirmation. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'DO', EMPHASIS
EGP #192 | B1 | CLAUSES / imperatives Can use 'do' + base form of a main verb, for emphasis or in formal contexts. Lexical range: N/A
INVITATION
EGP #193 | B1 | CLAUSES / imperatives Can use the imperative to make an offer or an invitation. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'LET ME', FOCUS
EGP #194 | B1 | CLAUSES / imperatives Can use an imperative clause with 'let me' + base form of a main verb, as a focusing device, to introduce something Lexical range: N/A
'WH-' INTERROGATIVE, SUBJECT
EGP #210 | B1 | CLAUSES / interrogatives Can form questions with a 'wh-' word as subject, without an auxiliary verb. Lexical range: N/A
INTERROGATIVE + ADVERB
EGP #211 | B1 | CLAUSES / interrogatives Can form interrogative clauses with an adverb in mid position, between the subject and the main verb. Lexical range: N/A
'WHICH', 'WHOSE'
EGP #212 | B1 | CLAUSES / interrogatives Lexical range: N/A
'HOW' + ADJECTIVE
EGP #216 | B1 | CLAUSES / phrases/exclamations Can use 'How' + adjective. Lexical range: N/A
'HOW' + ADJECTIVE + CLAUSE
EGP #217 | B1 | CLAUSES / phrases/exclamations Can use 'How' + adjective + clause. Lexical range: N/A
NON-DEFINING, OBJECT, WITH 'WHO'
EGP #229 | B1 | CLAUSES / relative Can use a non-defining relative clause with 'who' as the object. Lexical range: N/A
DEFINING, OBJECT, WITH 'WHO/THAT'
EGP #230 | B1 | CLAUSES / relative Can use a defining relative clause with 'who' or 'that' as the object. Lexical range: N/A
WITH 'WHOSE NAME'
EGP #231 | B1 | CLAUSES / relative Can use defining and non-defining relative clauses with 'whose name'. Lexical range: N/A
WITH 'WHERE', PLACE
EGP #232 | B1 | CLAUSES / relative Can use defining relative clauses with 'where' to define nouns referring to place. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'THE REASON WHY', FOCUS
EGP #233 | B1 | CLAUSES / relative Can use defining relative clauses with 'why' after 'reason', to give an explanation and for focus. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'WHEN', FOCUS
EGP #234 | B1 | CLAUSES / relative Can use defining relative clauses with 'when' to define nouns relating to time. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'THE' + NOUN + 'WHO/THAT', FOCUS
EGP #235 | B1 | CLAUSES / relative Can use defining relative clauses, 'the person who/that, the thing that, the (only) one who/that' as a focusing device. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: REASON
EGP #244 | B1 | CLAUSES / subordinated Can use a finite subordinate clause with conjunctions to introduce reasons, after a main clause. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: CONTRAST
EGP #246 | B1 | CLAUSES / subordinated Can use a finite subordinate clause with conjunctions ('even though, (al)though, while if') to introduce contrast, before or after a main clause. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: NON-FINITE WITH '-ING'
EGP #247 | B1 | CLAUSES / subordinated Can use a non-finite subordinate clause with 'before' and 'after' + '-ing', before or after a main clause, to refer to time. Lexical range: N/A
COMPLEX ADDING
EGP #263 | B1 | CONJUNCTIONS / coordinating Can use a range of conjunctions ('and, but, or, so, then') to combine more complex strings of clauses and sentences. Lexical range: N/A
'PLUS' WITH NOUNS
EGP #264 | B1 | CONJUNCTIONS / coordinating Can use 'plus' as coordinating conjunction, often in relation to numbers. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'PLUS' WITH CLAUSES
EGP #265 | B1 | CONJUNCTIONS / coordinating Can use 'plus' to connect clauses and sentences, often to point out a positive addition or advantage. Lexical range: N/A
'EITHER … OR'
EGP #266 | B1 | CONJUNCTIONS / coordinating Can use 'either … or' to connect two words, phrases or clauses. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'BOTH … AND' WITH NOUNS
EGP #267 | B1 | CONJUNCTIONS / coordinating Can use 'both … and' to combine noun phrases, to give emphasis. Lexical range: N/A
SIMPLE
EGP #278 | B1 | CONJUNCTIONS / subordinating Can use an increasing range of simple subordinating conjunctions ('as, after, before since, until, although, whether, so (that), though') to introduce a subordinate clause. Lexical range: 2
'ANOTHER' |
EGP #291 | B1 | DETERMINERS / articles Can use 'another' with singular nouns. ► pronouns ► determiners Lexical range: N/A
PREPOSITION + NO ARTICLE
EGP #292 | B1 | DETERMINERS / articles Can use no article before an increasing range of nouns in some fixed expressions with prepositions. Lexical range: 2
FORM/USE: NO ARTICLE
EGP #293 | B1 | DETERMINERS / articles Can use no article before an increasing range of singular and plural nouns when referring to things in general. Lexical range: 2
ONE MORE (WITH 'ANOTHER')
EGP #294 | B1 | DETERMINERS / articles Can use 'another' to talk about something additional. Lexical range: N/A
DIFFERENT (WITH 'ANOTHER')
EGP #295 | B1 | DETERMINERS / articles Can use 'another' to talk about something different. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'THE OTHER'
EGP #296 | B1 | DETERMINERS / articles Can use 'the other' with a singular noun to refer to the second or the opposite of two things, and with a plural noun to refer to one of a set of things. ► pronouns ► noun phrases Lexical range: N/A
'THIS', PAST
EGP #314 | B1 | DETERMINERS / demonstratives Can use 'this' with time and date words to refer to the past. Lexical range: N/A
'THEIR'
EGP #321 | B1 | DETERMINERS / possessives Can use possessive determiner 'their'. ► noun phrases ► possessive pronouns Lexical range: N/A
IRREGULAR PLURAL NOUN + ''S'
EGP #322 | B1 | DETERMINERS / possessives Can use ''s' after irregular plural nouns to indicate possession. Lexical range: N/A
WITH PLURAL NOUNS
EGP #340 | B1 | DETERMINERS / quantity Can use a wide range of quantifying determiners with plural nouns ('several', 'millions of', 'a few of'). Lexical range: 3
WITH PLURAL AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
EGP #342 | B1 | DETERMINERS / quantity Can use an increasing range of quantifying determiners with both plural nouns and uncountable nouns ('most', 'enough', 'plenty of', 'loads of'). Lexical range: 2
'MUCH' WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS, INTERROGATIVE
EGP #343 | B1 | DETERMINERS / quantity Can use 'much' with uncountable nouns in interrogative contexts. Lexical range: N/A
'SO MUCH', 'TOO MUCH' WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
EGP #344 | B1 | DETERMINERS / quantity Can use 'so much' and 'too much' with uncountable nouns. Lexical range: N/A
'MANY' WITH PLURAL NOUNS, INTERROGATIVE
EGP #345 | B1 | DETERMINERS / quantity Can use 'many' with plural nouns in interrogative contexts. Lexical range: N/A
DETERMINER + 'OF' + DETERMINER
EGP #346 | B1 | DETERMINERS / quantity Can use an increasing range of quantifying determiners + 'of' + determiner ('half of', 'enough of', 'none of',).► pronouns Lexical range: 3
MODIFYING
EGP #347 | B1 | DETERMINERS / quantity Can modify determiners with adverbs. ► adverbs Lexical range: N/A
AFFIRMATIVE
EGP #355 | B1 | FUTURE / future continuous Can use the affirmative form with 'will' and 'shall'. Lexical range: N/A
NEGATIVE WITH 'WILL'
EGP #356 | B1 | FUTURE / future continuous Can use the negative form with 'will' ('won’t'). Lexical range: N/A
'BE GOING TO'
EGP #366 | B1 | FUTURE / future in the past Can use the simple past form of 'be' + 'going to' to talk about the future from a point in the past. ► 'be going to' Lexical range: N/A
'WOULD'
EGP #367 | B1 | FUTURE / future in the past Can use 'would' to talk about the future from a point in the past.► 'would' Lexical range: N/A
FIXED PLANS WITH 'WILL'
EGP #392 | B1 | FUTURE / future simple (with will and shall) Can use 'will' to talk about fixed plans, often with timetabled times and dates. Lexical range: N/A
PREDICTIONS WITH 'WILL'
EGP #393 | B1 | FUTURE / future simple (with will and shall) Can use 'will' and '‘ll' to make predictions. Lexical range: N/A
IMMEDIATE PLANS WITH 'SHALL'
EGP #394 | B1 | FUTURE / future simple (with will and shall) Can use 'shall' with 'I' and 'we' to talk about plans and intentions. Lexical range: N/A
NEGATIVE
EGP #402 | B1 | FUTURE / future with be going to Can use the negative form. Lexical range: N/A
PAST
EGP #403 | B1 | FUTURE / future with be going to Can use the past form of 'be' + 'going to'. ► future in the past Lexical range: N/A
WITH ADVERBS
EGP #404 | B1 | FUTURE / future with be going to Can use 'be' + 'going to' with a limited range of adverbs, after the auxiliary be form, in the normal mid position. Lexical range: 1
FUTURE IN THE PAST
EGP #405 | B1 | FUTURE / future with be going to Can use the past form of 'be going to' to refer to the future from a point in the past. ► future in the past Lexical range: N/A
INTENTIONS
EGP #406 | B1 | FUTURE / future with be going to Can use the negative form of 'be going to' to talk about plans and intentions. Lexical range: N/A
PLANS IN THE PAST
EGP #407 | B1 | FUTURE / future with be going to Can use the past form of 'be going to' (often followed by 'but') to talk about a plan, sometimes one that may have changed. Lexical range: N/A
REPORTING
EGP #409 | B1 | FUTURE / future with be going to Can use the past form of 'be going to' as the reported form.► reported speech Lexical range: N/A
FUTURE ARRANGEMENTS
EGP #414 | B1 | FUTURE / present continuous for future use Can use the present continuous with an increasing range of verbs to talk about future arrangements. Lexical range: 2
QUESTIONS ABOUT THE FUTURE
EGP #415 | B1 | FUTURE / present continuous for future use Can use the present continuous with an increasing range of verbs to ask about future plans. Lexical range: 2
WITH 'AS SOON AS'
EGP #421 | B1 | FUTURE / present continuous for future use Can use the present simple with 'as soon as' to refer to the future. Lexical range: N/A
'IT' + 'BE' + 'IMPORTANT' + CLAUSE
EGP #426 | B1 | MODALITY / adjectives Can use 'it' + 'be' + 'important' + ('that') clause. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'IF'-CLAUSE + 'POSSIBLE', POLITENESS
EGP #427 | B1 | MODALITY / adjectives Can use 'if-' clauses + 'possible', as a politeness strategy. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'IT' + 'BE' + ADJECTIVE + INFINITIVE, HEDGING, EMPHASIS
EGP #428 | B1 | MODALITY / adjectives Can use 'it' + 'be' + adjective + 'to' + infinitive, to make an assertion more or less direct. Lexical range: N/A
'IT' + 'BE' + ADJECTIVE + 'FOR' + OBJECT + INFINITIVE
EGP #429 | B1 | MODALITY / adjectives Can use 'it' + 'be' + adjective + 'for' + object + 'to' + infinitive. Lexical range: N/A
NEGATIVE QUESTIONS
EGP #444 | B1 | MODALITY / can Can use the negative question forms in main clauses and question tags. Lexical range: N/A
WITH ADVERBS
EGP #445 | B1 | MODALITY / can Can use 'can' with a limited range of adverbs (including 'also', 'always', 'even', 'just', 'only', 'really', 'still') in the normal mid position after the modal verb. ► adverbs Lexical range: 1
GENERAL TRUTHS AND TENDENCIES
EGP #446 | B1 | MODALITY / can Can use 'can be' to talk about general truths and tendencies. Lexical range: N/A
SURPRISE
EGP #447 | B1 | MODALITY / can Can use 'can you believe' to express surprise. Lexical range: N/A
MODAL WITH 'BE ABLE TO'
EGP #465 | B1 | MODALITY / expressions with be Can use a range of modal verbs + 'be able to' + infinitive. Lexical range: N/A
'BE' EXPRESSIONS
EGP #466 | B1 | MODALITY / expressions with be Can use a limited range of expressions with 'be' + infinitive ('be allowed to', 'be supposed to', 'be able to') with present and past forms of 'be' and with modal 'will'. Lexical range: 1
'BE ALLOWED TO', PERMISSION
EGP #467 | B1 | MODALITY / expressions with be Can use 'be allowed to' to talk about permission. Lexical range: N/A
'BE SUPPOSED TO', PAST EXPECTATION
EGP #468 | B1 | MODALITY / expressions with be Can use 'was supposed to', 'were supposed to' to refer to past or future arrangements which may not have happened or may change. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'I HAVE TO ADMIT'
EGP #491 | B1 | MODALITY / have (got) to Can use the fixed expression 'I have to admit' for emphasis. Lexical range: N/A
INFINITIVE
EGP #492 | B1 | MODALITY / have (got) to Can use 'have to' as an infinitive form. Lexical range: N/A
NEGATIVE
EGP #499 | B1 | MODALITY / may Can use the negative form. Lexical range: N/A
WITH ADVERBS
EGP #500 | B1 | MODALITY / may Can use 'may' with a limited range of adverbs (most commonly 'also') in the normal mid-position after the modal verb. ► adverbs Lexical range: 1
PERMISSION
EGP #501 | B1 | MODALITY / may Can use 'may I' to ask for permission. Lexical range: N/A
QUESTIONS
EGP #502 | B1 | MODALITY / may Can use the question form with 'I'. Lexical range: N/A
REPORTED SPEECH
EGP #517 | B1 | MODALITY / might Can use 'might' as the past form of 'may' in indirect reports. Lexical range: N/A
SUGGESTIONS
EGP #518 | B1 | MODALITY / might Can use 'might' to make polite suggestions and give advice. Lexical range: N/A
PAST AFFIRMATIVE
EGP #519 | B1 | MODALITY / might Can use 'might have' + '-ed'. Lexical range: N/A
FOCUS
EGP #521 | B1 | MODALITY / might Can use 'might' in phrases, such as 'as you might know', 'have already heard', to focus the reader on shared knowledge. Lexical range: N/A
ELLIPSIS
EGP #532 | B1 | MODALITY / must Can use 'must' with the following verb ellipted where the previous main verb is understood. ► ellipsis Lexical range: N/A
ELLIPSIS
EGP #533 | B1 | MODALITY / must Can use ellipted 'must' without a subject. ► ellipsis Lexical range: N/A
WITH ADVERBS
EGP #534 | B1 | MODALITY / must Can use 'must' with a limited range of adverbs (most commonly 'also') in the normal mid position after the modal verb. ► adverbs Lexical range: 1
DEDUCTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
EGP #535 | B1 | MODALITY / must Can use 'must' to guess and deduce, most commonly with 'it must be', or 'you must be'. Lexical range: N/A
INVITATIONS
EGP #536 | B1 | MODALITY / must Can use 'must' to make invitations. Lexical range: N/A
OBLIGATION AND NECESSITY
EGP #537 | B1 | MODALITY / must Can use 'must' (with a wide range of pronouns and nouns) to talk about obligation and necessity. Lexical range: 3
SUGGESTIONS
EGP #538 | B1 | MODALITY / must Can use 'must' to make strong, encouraging suggestions. Lexical range: N/A
AFFIRMATIVE
EGP #556 | B1 | MODALITY / ought Can use the affirmative form. Lexical range: N/A
ADVICE
EGP #557 | B1 | MODALITY / ought Can use 'ought to' with 'you' to give advice. Lexical range: N/A
PLANS AND INTENTIONS
EGP #571 | B1 | MODALITY / shall Can use 'shall' to talk about plans and intentions, particularly in formal contexts. Lexical range: N/A
SEEKING ADVICE
EGP #572 | B1 | MODALITY / shall Can use 'shall' to seek advice. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: QUESTION TAGS
EGP #582 | B1 | MODALITY / should Can use the question tag form 'shouldn't' + pronoun to make suggestions and ask for opinions. Lexical range: N/A
PAST AFFIRMATIVE
EGP #583 | B1 | MODALITY / should Can use 'should' have + '-ed'. Lexical range: N/A
PAST NEGATIVE
EGP #584 | B1 | MODALITY / should Can use 'should have' + '-ed'. Lexical range: N/A
IDEAL OR DESIRED SITUATIONS
EGP #585 | B1 | MODALITY / should Can use 'should' to talk about ideal or desired situations. Lexical range: N/A
LIKELIHOOD
EGP #586 | B1 | MODALITY / should Can use 'should' to talk about what is likely to happen. Lexical range: N/A
NARRATIVE DEVICE
EGP #587 | B1 | MODALITY / should Can use 'you should have' + '-ed' to emphasise points in a story. Lexical range: N/A
THANKING
EGP #589 | B1 | MODALITY / should Can use 'you shouldn’t have' (+ '-ed') in polite acceptance of a gift. Lexical range: N/A
NEGATIVE
EGP #597 | B1 | MODALITY / used to Can use the negative forms 'didn't use to' and 'didn't used to'. Lexical range: N/A
FIXED PLANS
EGP #611 | B1 | MODALITY / will Can use 'will' to talk about fixed plans in the future, often with timetabled times or dates. Lexical range: N/A
PREDICTIONS
EGP #612 | B1 | MODALITY / will Can use 'will' to make predictions.► question tags Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: AFTER 'IF' CLAUSES
EGP #625 | B1 | MODALITY / would Can use 'would' in the main clause of a conditional sentence to talk about an imagined situation, often in the context of advice or opinion-giving. Lexical range: N/A
PAST AFFIRMATIVE
EGP #626 | B1 | MODALITY / would Can use 'would have' + '-ed'. Lexical range: N/A
PAST NEGATIVE
EGP #627 | B1 | MODALITY / would Can use 'would not have' + '-ed' or 'wouldn’t have' + '-ed' Lexical range: N/A
QUESTIONS
EGP #628 | B1 | MODALITY / would Can use question forms. Lexical range: N/A
WITH ADVERBS
EGP #629 | B1 | MODALITY / would Can use an limited range of adverbs with 'would', including 'really', 'probably', 'certainly', 'definitely'.► adverbs Lexical range: 1
FUTURE IN THE PAST
EGP #630 | B1 | MODALITY / would Can use 'would' to talk about the future in the past. Lexical range: N/A
INDIRECTNESS
EGP #632 | B1 | MODALITY / would Can use 'would' with verbs such as 'advise', 'imagine', 'recommend', 'say' to be less direct. Lexical range: N/A
POLITE REQUESTS
EGP #633 | B1 | MODALITY / would Can use 'would' to make polite requests, often in the fixed expression 'would you mind'. Lexical range: N/A
REPORTED SPEECH
EGP #634 | B1 | MODALITY / would Can use 'would' as the past form of 'will' in reported clauses. Lexical range: N/A
WILLINGNESS IN THE PAST
EGP #635 | B1 | MODALITY / would Can use the negative forms of 'would' to talk about willingness in the past. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: EMPHASIS
EGP #641 | B1 | MODALITY / adverbs Can use an increasing range of adverbs, for emphasis. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: MODAL VERB + MODAL ADVERB, HEDGING OR EMPHASIS
EGP #642 | B1 | MODALITY / adverbs Can use modal verb + modal adverb to modify an assertion, either through hedging or emphasis. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE, 'POSSIBLY', POLITENESS
EGP #643 | B1 | MODALITY / adverbs Can use 'could' + subject + 'possibly' to make requests more polite. Lexical range: N/A
COMPLEX NOUN PHRASES WITH ADJECTIVES
EGP #657 | B1 | NOUNS / noun phrases Can form an increasing range of complex noun phrases with more than one adjective. Lexical range: 2
COMPLEX NOUN PHRASES WITH ADVERBS + ADJECTIVES
EGP #658 | B1 | NOUNS / noun phrases Can form complex noun phrases with adverb + adjective + noun. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'SUCH (A)' + ADJECTIVE + NOUN
EGP #659 | B1 | NOUNS / noun phrases Can form noun phrases with 'such a' + adjective + singular noun and 'such' + adjective + plural noun, to give emphasis. Lexical range: N/A
NOUN + PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
EGP #660 | B1 | NOUNS / noun phrases Can form complex noun phrases by using a prepositional phrase after the main noun in a noun phrase. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: NOUN PHRASES WITH SUPERLATIVES
EGP #661 | B1 | NOUNS / noun phrases Can use a clause with a present perfect or past perfect as a superlative noun phrase complement, to talk about uniqueness. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: POSSESSIVE '‘S' WITHOUT NOUN
EGP #662 | B1 | NOUNS / noun phrases Can omit the noun after possessive '’s' to talk about a place which is familiar to the speaker and listener. Lexical range: N/A
NOUN + 'OF' + POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
EGP #663 | B1 | NOUNS / noun phrases Can form noun phrases with noun + 'of' + possessive pronouns. Lexical range: N/A
FRIEND + 'OF' + POSSESSIVE DETERMINER + NOUN
EGP #664 | B1 | NOUNS / noun phrases Can form noun phrases with 'a friend of' or 'friends of' + possessive determiner + noun. Lexical range: N/A
COMPLEX NOUN PHRASE WITH POSSESSIVE '‘S' + NOUN
EGP #665 | B1 | NOUNS / noun phrases Can form complex noun phrases with noun phrase + 'of' + noun phrase + possessive determiner ''s' + noun phrase. Lexical range: N/A
NOUN PHRASE, NOUN PHRASE
EGP #666 | B1 | NOUNS / noun phrases Can put two noun phrases together (in apposition) to refer to the same person or thing, usually separated by commas. Lexical range: N/A
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
EGP #667 | B1 | NOUNS / noun phrases Can form noun phrases with an indefinite pronoun + adjective or clause. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'THE THING …'
EGP #668 | B1 | NOUNS / noun phrases Can use the noun phrase 'The thing' in front position, with a clause complement, to give focus to something. Lexical range: N/A
COMMON NOUNS
EGP #681 | B1 | NOUNS / types Can use an increasing range of common nouns. Lexical range: 2
COLLECTIVE NOUNS
EGP #689 | B1 | NOUNS / plural Can use collective nouns, usually with a singular verb, but also with a plural verb depending on whether the noun is perceived as a single group or collection of individuals. Lexical range: N/A
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
EGP #694 | B1 | NOUNS / uncountable Can use an increasing range of uncountable nouns. Lexical range: 2
WITH DETERMINERS, QUANTITY
EGP #695 | B1 | NOUNS / uncountable Can use uncountable nouns with an increasing range of quantity words and phrases including 'much', 'a bit of', 'a little bit of', 'enough', 'further', 'plenty of', 'loads of'. ► Determiners: quantity Lexical range: 2
FORM/USE: WITH 'BY' IN A RELATIVE CLAUSE|
EGP #706 | B1 | PASSIVES / passives: form Can use the passive with 'by' in a relative clause, often to add more information. Lexical range: N/A
INFINITIVE
EGP #707 | B1 | PASSIVES / passives: form Can use the passive infinitive after a limited number of forms including 'going to', 'have to', 'need to', 'want to'. Lexical range: 1
PAST SIMPLE, AFFIRMATIVE
EGP #708 | B1 | PASSIVES / passives: form Can use the past simple passive affirmative with a range of pronoun and noun subjects both singular and plural. Lexical range: N/A
PRESENT CONTINUOUS, AFFIRMATIVE
EGP #709 | B1 | PASSIVES / passives: form Can use the present continuous passive affirmative with a limited range of verbs. Lexical range: 1
PRESENT SIMPLE, AFFIRMATIVE
EGP #710 | B1 | PASSIVES / passives: form Can use the present simple passive affirmative with a range of pronoun and noun subjects. Lexical range: N/A
PRESENT SIMPLE, NEGATIVE
EGP #711 | B1 | PASSIVES / passives: form Can use the present simple passive negative with a range of pronoun and noun subjects. Lexical range: N/A
WITH VERBS TAKING TWO OBJECTS.
EGP #712 | B1 | PASSIVES / passives: form Can use the past simple passive with a limited range of verbs needing two objects, putting the indirect object in subject position. Lexical range: 1
GIVING FOCUS WITH 'BY'
EGP #713 | B1 | PASSIVES / passives: form Can use the passive with 'by' to give focus. Lexical range: N/A
PRESENT CONTINUOUS, FUTURE REFERENCE
EGP #714 | B1 | PASSIVES / passives: form Can use the present continuous passive to refer to the future. Lexical range: N/A
'GET' + '-ED'
EGP #736 | B1 | PASSIVES / get and have Can form the 'get'-passive with a range of forms of 'get' + past participles. Lexical range: 1
NEGATIVE
EGP #747 | B1 | PAST / past continuous Can use the negative form. Lexical range: N/A
QUESTIONS
EGP #748 | B1 | PAST / past continuous Can use the question form. Lexical range: N/A
WITH ADVERBS
EGP #749 | B1 | PAST / past continuous Can use the past continuous with an increasing range of adverbs in the normal mid position. Lexical range: 2
REASON
EGP #750 | B1 | PAST / past continuous Can use the past continuous to give a reason for something, often with 'because'. Lexical range: N/A
REPEATED EVENTS
EGP #751 | B1 | PAST / past continuous Can use the past continuous to talk about ongoing repeated events in the past, often with 'always'. Lexical range: N/A
AFFIRMATIVE
EGP #755 | B1 | PAST / past perfect continuous Can use the affirmative form. Lexical range: N/A
BACKGROUND EVENTS
EGP #756 | B1 | PAST / past perfect continuous Can use the past perfect continuous talk about a background action or event which began before a point in the past and was still continuing up to a point in the past when the main event happened. Lexical range: N/A
CONTINUING EVENTS IN THE PAST
EGP #757 | B1 | PAST / past perfect continuous Can use the past perfect continuous to talk about an action or event which began before a point in the past and was still continuing up to that point, often with 'for' or 'since', to give background information. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: AFTER 'IF' CLAUSES
EGP #764 | B1 | PAST / past perfect simple Can use the past perfect simple in 'if'-clauses to talk about imagined situations in the past, often with regret. ► 'if'-clauses Lexical range: N/A
AFFIRMATIVE
EGP #765 | B1 | PAST / past perfect simple Can use the affirmative form. Lexical range: N/A
NEGATIVE
EGP #766 | B1 | PAST / past perfect simple Can use negative forms. Lexical range: N/A
WITH ADVERBS
EGP #767 | B1 | PAST / past perfect simple Can use the past perfect simple with a limited range of adverbs (including 'never', 'ever', 'just', 'always', 'already') in the normal mid-position. ► adverbs Lexical range: 1
TIME UP TO THEN
EGP #768 | B1 | PAST / past perfect simple Can use the past perfect simple to talk about a time before another time in the past. Lexical range: N/A
AFFIRMATIVE
EGP #790 | B1 | PAST / past simple Can use the affirmative form with a wide range of verbs. Lexical range: 3
NEGATIVE
EGP #791 | B1 | PAST / past simple Can use the negative form with an increasing range of verbs. Lexical range: 2
HABITUAL STATES OR ACTIONS
EGP #793 | B1 | PAST / past simple Can use the past simple to talk about habitual states or actions. Lexical range: N/A
IMAGINED SITUATIONS AFTER 'IF'
EGP #794 | B1 | PAST / past simple Can use the past simple after 'if' to talk about the possible result of an imagined situation in the present or future. Lexical range: N/A
ORDERING OF PAST EVENTS
EGP #795 | B1 | PAST / past simple Can use the past simple to order sequences of events in the past, in the context of narratives. Lexical range: N/A
REGRET
EGP #796 | B1 | PAST / past simple Can use the past simple with 'wish (that)' to express regret that things are not different. Lexical range: N/A
AFFIRMATIVE
EGP #808 | B1 | PAST / present perfect continuous Can use the affirmative form. Lexical range: N/A
QUESTIONS
EGP #809 | B1 | PAST / present perfect continuous Can use the question form with a limited range of verbs. Lexical range: 1
REPEATED CONTINUING EVENTS
EGP #810 | B1 | PAST / present perfect continuous Can use the present perfect continuous to talk about repeated activities which began in the past and are still continuing. Lexical range: N/A
SINGLE CONTINUING EVENT
EGP #811 | B1 | PAST / present perfect continuous Can use the present perfect continuous to talk about a single activity or state that began in the past and is still continuing, often with 'for' or 'since'. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: DURATION WITH 'SINCE'
EGP #823 | B1 | PAST / present perfect simple Can use the present perfect simple with 'since' to talk about duration. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: WITH 'ALREADY'
EGP #824 | B1 | PAST / present perfect simple Can use the present perfect simple with 'already' to emphasise that something is done, often before the expected time. ► adverbs Lexical range: N/A
NEGATIVE
EGP #826 | B1 | PAST / present perfect simple Can use the negative forms with a range of pronouns and an increasing range of verbs. Lexical range: 2
NEGATIVE QUESTIONS
EGP #827 | B1 | PAST / present perfect simple Can use the negative question form. Lexical range: N/A
WITH ADVERBS
EGP #828 | B1 | PAST / present perfect simple Can use the present perfect simple with an increasing range of adverbs in the normal mid position. Lexical range: 2
RECENT PAST
EGP #829 | B1 | PAST / present perfect simple Can use the present perfect simple to refer to a finished event or state in the recent past, that has a present relevance, often with 'just'. ► adverbs Lexical range: N/A
UNFINISHED
EGP #830 | B1 | PAST / present perfect simple Can use the present perfect simple to refer to a state or period of time which is unlimited or indefinite. Lexical range: N/A
WITH SUPERLATIVE
EGP #831 | B1 | PAST / present perfect simple Can use the present perfect simple with a superlative adjective to talk about a unique experience. ► adjectives: superlatives Lexical range: N/A
SIMPLE
EGP #843 | B1 | PREPOSITIONS / prepositions Can use a wide range of simple (single word) prepositions. Lexical range: 3
'ADVERB' + PREPOSITION
EGP #845 | B1 | PREPOSITIONS / prepositions Can use adverbs of degree to modify prepositions and prepositional phrases. Lexical range: N/A
STRANDING
EGP #846 | B1 | PREPOSITIONS / prepositions Can end a reported question clause and a relative clause with a preposition, where the preposition is stranded from its complement. ► Clauses: relative Lexical range: N/A
TEMPORARY REPEATED ACTIONS
EGP #858 | B1 | PRESENT / present continuous Can use the present continuous to describe temporary actions which are repeated or regular. Lexical range: N/A
EVENTS IN PROGRESS
EGP #859 | B1 | PRESENT / present continuous Can use the present continuous with a wide range of verbs to talk about situations and events in progress. Lexical range: 3
TEMPORARY SITUATIONS
EGP #860 | B1 | PRESENT / present continuous Can use the present continuous with a wide range of verbs to talk about temporary situations. Lexical range: 3
FORM/USE: NEGATIVE TAG QUESTIONS
EGP #878 | B1 | PRESENT / present simple Can use 'don't you think' or 'don't you agree' to look for agreement or an opinion. Lexical range: N/A
QUESTIONS
EGP #879 | B1 | PRESENT / present simple Can use 'yes/no' and 'wh-' question forms with a wide range of subjects. Lexical range: N/A
MENTAL PROCESS VERBS
EGP #880 | B1 | PRESENT / present simple Can use the present simple with an increasing a range of mental process verbs, including 'remember', 'understand', 'believe'. Lexical range: 2
REPORTING VERBS
EGP #881 | B1 | PRESENT / present simple Can use the present simple with a limited range of reporting verbs, including 'say', 'show'. Lexical range: 1
SPEECH ACT VERBS
EGP #882 | B1 | PRESENT / present simple Can use the present simple with a limited range of speech act verbs, including 'suggest', 'apologise', 'recommend'. Lexical range: 1
+ 'OF YOURS'
EGP #892 | B1 | PRONOUNS / possessive Can use the possessive pronoun 'yours' after noun + 'of'. Lexical range: N/A
COMPARATIVE CLAUSES WITH 'MINE', 'YOURS'
EGP #893 | B1 | PRONOUNS / possessive Can use the possessive pronouns 'mine' and 'yours', with singular reference, in comparative clauses after '(not) as ? as'. Lexical range: N/A
'YOURS' AS SUBJECT
EGP #894 | B1 | PRONOUNS / possessive Can use the possessive pronoun 'yours', with singular reference, in subject position. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'BY' + SINGULAR
EGP #909 | B1 | PRONOUNS / reflexive Can use the singular reflexive pronouns 'myself', 'yourself', 'himself' and 'herself' with 'by' to mean alone, without any help. Lexical range: N/A
SAME SUBJECT AND OBJECT, SINGULAR
EGP #910 | B1 | PRONOUNS / reflexive Can use an increasing range of singular reflexive pronouns with an increasing range of verbs to refer to actions where the subject and object of the verb are the same. Lexical range: 2
SINGULAR, AFTER PREPOSITIONS
EGP #911 | B1 | PRONOUNS / reflexive Can use the singular reflexive pronouns 'myself', 'yourself', 'himself' and 'herself' after prepositions where the object of the preposition is the same as the subject of the verb. Lexical range: N/A
SINGULAR, FOR EMPHASIS
EGP #912 | B1 | PRONOUNS / reflexive Can use the singular reflexive pronouns 'myself', 'yourself', 'himself' and 'herself' for emphasis. Lexical range: N/A
(SUBJECT) USING 'IT' TO INTRODUCE
EGP #931 | B1 | PRONOUNS / subject/ object Can use dummy 'it' as a subject to introduce something the speaker or writer is going to refer to. Lexical range: 1
'THIS', ALREADY MENTIONED
EGP #946 | B1 | PRONOUNS / demonstratives Can use 'this' as a pronoun to refer back to whole clauses or sentences, especially to highlight or continue an important topic. Lexical range: N/A
'THESE'
EGP #947 | B1 | PRONOUNS / demonstratives Can use 'these' as a pronoun with plural reference. ► noun phrases Lexical range: N/A
'THESE', ALREADY MENTIONED
EGP #948 | B1 | PRONOUNS / demonstratives Can use 'these' as a pronoun to refer to something with immediate relevance which has already been mentioned. ► noun phrases ► pronouns: demonstrative Lexical range: N/A
'THOSE'
EGP #949 | B1 | PRONOUNS / demonstratives Can use 'those' as a pronoun with plural reference. ► noun phrases Lexical range: N/A
'THOSE', ALREADY MENTIONED
EGP #950 | B1 | PRONOUNS / demonstratives Can use 'those' as a pronoun to refer to things which have already been mentioned. ► noun phrases Lexical range: N/A
MODIFYING
EGP #951 | B1 | PRONOUNS / demonstratives Can use quantifying determiners + 'of' with demonstrative pronouns ► determiners: demonstrative Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'THIS ONE', 'THAT ONE' SUBSTITUTION
EGP #952 | B1 | PRONOUNS / demonstratives Can use 'this one', 'that one' as a substitute for countable singular nouns that have previously been mentioned. Lexical range: N/A
SUBJECT AND OBJECT PRONOUNS, 'BOTH', 'A FEW', 'ANOTHER'
EGP #960 | B1 | PRONOUNS / quantity Can use 'both', 'a few', 'another' as subject and object pronouns. Lexical range: N/A
WITH 'OF' + OBJECT PRONOUN
EGP #961 | B1 | PRONOUNS / quantity Can use an increasing range of pronouns ('some', 'a few', 'any', 'each') with 'of' followed by an object pronoun. Lexical range: 2
'WHICH ONE'
EGP #973 | B1 | PRONOUNS / substitution, one, ones, none Can use 'one' after 'which' in indirect questions to refer to one of two or more options. Lexical range: N/A
'THIS ONE', 'THAT ONE'
EGP #974 | B1 | PRONOUNS / substitution, one, ones, none Can use 'this one', 'that one' to refer to a singular countable noun. ► pronouns: demonstratives Lexical range: N/A
'ONES'
EGP #975 | B1 | PRONOUNS / substitution, one, ones, none Can use 'ones' as a pronoun to substitute for plural nouns which have already been mentioned or are obvious from the context. Lexical range: N/A
PRE-MODIFYING
EGP #976 | B1 | PRONOUNS / substitution, one, ones, none Can use determiners + premodifers + 'ones'. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: POSTMODIFYING, SPECIFYING
EGP #977 | B1 | PRONOUNS / substitution, one, ones, none Can use 'the ones' with a complement, to refer to something specific. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: PREMODIFIER + 'ONES', GENERAL REFERENCE
EGP #978 | B1 | PRONOUNS / substitution, one, ones, none Can use premodifiers with 'ones', to refer to something in general. Lexical range: N/A
SUBJECT
EGP #991 | B1 | PRONOUNS / indefinite - thing, -one, -body etc Can use an increasing range of indefinite pronouns ('something', 'nobody') as subjects, with a singular verb. Lexical range: 2
OBJECT OR COMPLEMENT
EGP #992 | B1 | PRONOUNS / indefinite - thing, -one, -body etc Can use a wide range of indefinite pronouns as objects or complements. Lexical range: 3
FORM/USE: PREMODIFIERS, INTENSIFYING
EGP #993 | B1 | PRONOUNS / indefinite - thing, -one, -body etc Can use premodifiers with indefinite pronouns, often to intensify. Lexical range: N/A
'ONE', GENERAL, FORMAL
EGP #1000 | B1 | PRONOUNS / generic use Can use 'one' to refer to people in general, in formal contexts. Lexical range: N/A
'EACH OTHER'
EGP #1004 | B1 | PRONOUNS / reciprocal Can use 'each other' as the object of a verb or complement of a preposition to talk about the mutual behaviour of two or more people. Lexical range: N/A
PHRASE + PHRASE
EGP #1009 | B1 | QUESTIONS / alternatives Can form alternative questions with two phrases combined with 'or'. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'OR SOMETHING ELSE', VAGUE
EGP #1010 | B1 | QUESTIONS / alternatives Can form alternative question with 'or something else' as the second alternative to a noun phrase, to refer to something non-specific. Lexical range: N/A
CLAUSE + CLAUSE
EGP #1011 | B1 | QUESTIONS / alternatives Can form alternative questions with two clauses combined with 'or'. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'OR NOT'
EGP #1012 | B1 | QUESTIONS / alternatives Can form alternative questions using 'or not' to substitute for a clause, sometimes to express annoyance or impatience. Lexical range: N/A
NEGATIVE MAIN CLAUSES + AFFIRMATIVE QUESTION TAGS
EGP #1017 | B1 | QUESTIONS / tags Can use an increasing range of affirmative 'be', 'do' and 'have' tags with negative main clauses. Lexical range: 2
AFFIRMATIVE MAIN CLAUSES + NEGATIVE QUESTION TAGS
EGP #1018 | B1 | QUESTIONS / tags Can use an increasing range of 'be', 'do', 'have' and modal verb tags with negative main clauses. Lexical range: 2
AFFIRMATIVE MAIN CLAUSES + AFFIRMATIVE QUESTION TAGS
EGP #1019 | B1 | QUESTIONS / tags Can use an increasing range of affirmative tags with affirmative clauses. Lexical range: 2
FORM/USE: 'RIGHT' AS AN INFORMAL TAG
EGP #1020 | B1 | QUESTIONS / tags Can use 'right' as a tag in informal contexts. Lexical range: N/A
NEGATIVE QUESTIONS WITH MODALS
EGP #1029 | B1 | QUESTIONS / wh- Can use 'wh-'words + the negative form of modal verbs + subject + main verb to form 'wh-'questions. Lexical range: N/A
NEGATIVE QUESTIONS, AUXILIARY VERBS
EGP #1039 | B1 | QUESTIONS / yes/no Can use auxiliary 'do' and 'have' + 'n?t' + subject + main verb to form negative 'yes/no' questions. Lexical range: N/A
NEGATIVE QUESTIONS MODAL VERBS
EGP #1040 | B1 | QUESTIONS / yes/no Can use modal verbs + 'not' + subject + main verb to form 'yes/no' questions. Lexical range: N/A
SEEKING AGREEMENT
EGP #1041 | B1 | QUESTIONS / yes/no Can use negative 'yes/no' questions to involve the listener or reader by seeking agreement. Lexical range: N/A
VERB + PARTICLE + PREPOSITION + OBJECT
EGP #1044 | B1 | VERBS / phrasal-prepositional Can use a limited range of verbs + particle + preposition + noun or pronoun. Lexical range: 1
VERB + PREPOSITION + OBJECT
EGP #1049 | B1 | VERBS / prepositional Can use an increasing range of prepositional verbs followed by noun or pronoun objects. Lexical range: 2
REPORTING VERBS + DIRECT OBJECT 'THAT'-CLAUSE
EGP #1055 | B1 | VERBS / patterns_that clauses Can use an increasing range of verbs, typically reporting or mental process verbs, with a 'that'-clause as the direct object. Lexical range: 2
VERBS + PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE + 'THAT'-CLAUSE
EGP #1056 | B1 | VERBS / patterns_that clauses Can use some reporting verbs with a prepositional phrase followed by a 'that'-clause as the direct object. Lexical range: N/A
SEMI-MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS, 'USED TO', 'OUGHT TO'
EGP #1074 | B1 | VERBS / types Can use semi-modal auxiliary verbs, 'used to' and 'ought to'. Lexical range: N/A
VERB + 'TO-' INFINITIVE
EGP #1083 | B1 | VERBS / patterns_with to and -ing Can use a wide range of verbs followed by a 'to-' infinitive. Lexical range: 3
FORM/USE: 'WOULD PREFER' + 'TO', POLITENESS
EGP #1084 | B1 | VERBS / patterns_with to and -ing Can use 'would prefer' + 'to' infinitive, often for politeness. Lexical range: N/A
VERB + '-ING' FORM
EGP #1085 | B1 | VERBS / patterns_with to and -ing Can use a limited range of verbs followed by an '-ing' form. Lexical range: 1
'HELP' + OBJECT
EGP #1086 | B1 | VERBS / patterns_with to and -ing Can use 'help' + object + infinitive with or without 'to', with no change in meaning. Lexical range: N/A
VERBS + DIRECT OBJECT + 'TO' INFINITIVE
EGP #1087 | B1 | VERBS / patterns_with to and -ing Can use some verbs of requesting and commanding followed by a direct object and a 'to-'infinitive. Lexical range: N/A
'MAKE', 'LET' + INFINITIVE WITHOUT 'TO'
EGP #1088 | B1 | VERBS / patterns_with to and -ing Can use 'make' and 'let' + infinitive without 'to'. Lexical range: N/A
NEGATIVE
EGP #1099 | B1 | VERBS / there is/are Can use 'There' + 'be' + 'n?t' with countable and uncountable nouns. Lexical range: N/A
'THERE' + MODAL VERBS
EGP #1100 | B1 | VERBS / there is/are Can use 'there' with a range of modal verbs + 'be' + complement. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: PRESENT SIMPLE 'IF' CLAUSE + 'WILL', FUTURE, LIKELY OUTCOME (FIRST CONDITIONAL)
EGP #1109 | B1 | CLAUSES / conditional Can use 'if' + present simple to introduce a possible future condition, with 'will' in the main clause to talk about a likely result. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: PRESENT SIMPLE 'IF' CLAUSE + MODAL, FUTURE, POSSIBLE OUTCOME
EGP #1110 | B1 | CLAUSES / conditional Can use 'if' + present simple to introduce a possible future condition, with modal verbs in the main clause, to talk about a possible result. ► modality Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: PRESENT CONTINUOUS 'IF' CLAUSE , PLANS & ADVICE
EGP #1111 | B1 | CLAUSES / conditional Can use 'if' + present continuous or 'going to' to introduce a possible plan, with modal verbs or imperatives in the main clause to give advice. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'IF' + PAST SIMPLE + 'WOULD', FUTURE, IMAGINED SITUATION|(SECOND CONDITIONAL)
EGP #1112 | B1 | CLAUSES / conditional Can form conditional subordinate clauses with 'if' + past simple, and would in the main clause, to talk about an imagined situation, often in the context of advice or opinion-giving. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'IF I WERE YOU' + 'WOULD', FUTURE, IMAGINED SITUATION
EGP #1113 | B1 | CLAUSES / conditional Can use 'if I were you' and 'would' in the main clause often in the context of advice or opinion-giving. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'UNLESS', EXCEPTIONS
EGP #1114 | B1 | CLAUSES / conditional Can use 'unless' + present simple to talk about an exception, with present and future reference. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'IF' + PAST SIMPLE + 'COULD', FUTURE, IMAGINED SITUATION
EGP #1115 | B1 | CLAUSES / conditional Can form conditional subordinate clauses with 'if' + past simple, and 'could' in the main clause to talk about an imagined situation, often in the context of suggesting. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'IF' + PAST PERFECT + 'WOULD HAVE' + '-ED', IMAGINED SITUATION, REGRET|(THIRD CONDITIONAL)
EGP #1116 | B1 | CLAUSES / conditional Can form conditional subordinate clauses with 'if' + past perfect simple and 'would have' + '-ed' in the main clause, to talk about imagined situations in the past, often with regret. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: ELLIPTED 'IF NOT', ALTERNATIVE
EGP #1117 | B1 | CLAUSES / conditional Can use 'If not' as a conditional clause to offer an alternative to refer to a previous direct or indirect 'yes-no' question where the answer might be ?no?. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: ELLIPTED 'IF SO', CONFIRMING
EGP #1118 | B1 | CLAUSES / conditional Can use 'If so' as a conditional clause to refer a previous direct or indirect 'yes-no' question where the answer might be ?yes?. ► Clauses coordinated Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: SEQUENCING
EGP #1134 | B1 | DISCOURSE MARKERS / discourse markers in writing Can use sequencing adverbs as discourse markers to organise text. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: ORGANISING, CONTRASTING
EGP #1135 | B1 | DISCOURSE MARKERS / discourse markers in writing Can use a range of phrases as discourse markers to introduce contrasting statements. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: ORGANISING, MARKING NEW KNOWLEDGE, INFORMAL
EGP #1137 | B1 | DISCOURSE MARKERS / discourse markers in writing Can use 'you see', 'the thing is' as discourse markers to mark new knowledge, usually in informal contexts. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: ADVERBS, STANCE
EGP #1138 | B1 | DISCOURSE MARKERS / discourse markers in writing Can use adverbs as discourse markers to indicate an attitude or viewpoint. Lexical range: N/A
REPORTED STATEMENTS, PRONOUN AND TENSE SHIFT
EGP #1145 | B1 | REPORTED SPEECH / reported speech Can report statements using a reporting clause with 'say' or 'tell' + 'that-'clause, with a pronoun and tense shift where relevant. Lexical range: N/A
REPORTED 'YES-NO' QUESTIONS
EGP #1146 | B1 | REPORTED SPEECH / reported speech Can report questions using 'ask' + 'if' or 'whether' + clause, with a pronoun and tense shift where relevant. Lexical range: N/A
REPORTED 'WH-' QUESTIONS
EGP #1147 | B1 | REPORTED SPEECH / reported speech Can report 'wh-'questions using a reporting verb + 'wh-'word + clause, with a change of pronoun and tense shift where relevant. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'WONDER', REPORTED THOUGHT
EGP #1148 | B1 | REPORTED SPEECH / reported speech Can report thought using 'wonder' + 'wh-'word + clause, with a tense shift where relevant. Lexical range: N/A
DIRECT SPEECH, REPORTING CLAUSE, INITIAL POSITION
EGP #1149 | B1 | REPORTED SPEECH / reported speech Can report speech and thought directly, using the reporting verb before the reporting clause. Lexical range: N/A
DIRECT SPEECH, REPORTING CLAUSE, END POSITION
EGP #1150 | B1 | REPORTED SPEECH / reported speech Can report speech and thought directly using the reporting verb after the reporting clause. Lexical range: N/A
REPORTED REQUESTS AND COMMANDS
EGP #1151 | B1 | REPORTED SPEECH / reported speech Can report requests and commands with 'ask' or 'tell' + direct object and 'to-'infinitive. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: TEMPORAL SHIFTS, FUTURE
EGP #1152 | B1 | REPORTED SPEECH / reported speech Can report speech about events in the future with and without backshifts for words relating to time. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: FRONTING, ADVERBS
EGP #1161 | B1 | FOCUS / focus Can use adverbs in the front position for focus. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: 'IT' + 'BE' ADJECTIVE + 'THAT' CLAUSE
EGP #1162 | B1 | FOCUS / focus Can use 'it' + 'be' + adjective + 'that-'clause for focus. Lexical range: N/A
AUXILIARY VERBS 'BE', 'HAVE', PAST
EGP #1185 | B1 | NEGATION / negation Can form negative statements of main verbs in the past continuous and past perfect with auxiliary verbs 'be' and 'have' + 'not/n't'. ► past continuous ► past perfect Lexical range: N/A
MENTAL PROCESS VERBS + CLAUSE
EGP #1186 | B1 | NEGATION / negation Can use the negative forms of mental process verbs ('I don?t think', 'I don?t believe') followed by a complement clause, where the negative form is in the mental process verb rather than the complement clause. Lexical range: N/A
QUESTIONS
EGP #1187 | B1 | NEGATION / negation Can use negative question forms in main clauses and question tags. ► questions Lexical range: N/A
SEEKING AGREEMENT
EGP #1188 | B1 | NEGATION / negation Can use negative questions and question tags to involve the listener/reader by seeking agreement or checking something. Lexical range: N/A
PRONOUNS
EGP #1189 | B1 | NEGATION / negation Can use an increasing range of indefinite pronouns in negative contexts. Lexical range: 2
ADVERBS
EGP #1190 | B1 | NEGATION / negation Can use adverbs 'ever', 'never', 'yet', 'still' in negative contexts. Lexical range: N/A
'NOT', NON FINITE AND ELLIPTED CLAUSES
EGP #1191 | B1 | NEGATION / negation Can use 'not' before a non-finite or ellipted clause. Lexical range: N/A
ABILITY
EGP #1218 | B1 | MODALITY / could Can use the affirmative form of 'could' to talk about ability. Lexical range: N/A
ABILITY
EGP #1219 | B1 | MODALITY / could Can use the affirmative form of 'could' to talk about ability. Lexical range: N/A
PERMISSION
EGP #1220 | B1 | MODALITY / could Can use 'could I' to seek permission. Lexical range: N/A
PERMISSION
EGP #1221 | B1 | MODALITY / could Can use 'could I' to seek permission. Lexical range: N/A
POSSIBILITY
EGP #1222 | B1 | MODALITY / could Can use 'could' to talk about possibility. Lexical range: N/A
POSSIBILITY
EGP #1223 | B1 | MODALITY / could Can use 'could' to talk about possibility. Lexical range: N/A
SUGGESTIONS
EGP #1224 | B1 | MODALITY / could Can use 'could' with an increasing range of verbs to make suggestions. Lexical range: 2
SUGGESTIONS
EGP #1225 | B1 | MODALITY / could Can use 'could' with an increasing range of verbs to make suggestions. Lexical range: 2
FORM/USE: WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
EGP #341 | B1 | DETERMINERS / quantity Can use quantifying determiners with uncountable nouns, often in informal and/or spoken contexts ('a little', 'a bit of' and 'a little bit of'). Lexical range: N/A
PREDICTIONS
EGP #408 | B1 | FUTURE / future with be going to Can use 'be going to' with an increasing range of verbs to make predictions. Lexical range: 2
POSSIBILITY IN THE PAST
EGP #520 | B1 | MODALITY / might Can use 'might have' + '-ed' to talk about possibility with a past reference. Lexical range: N/A
IMAGINED SITUATIONS IN THE PAST
EGP #631 | B1 | MODALITY / would Can use 'would' to talk about imagined situations in the past. ► conditionals Lexical range: N/A
AFFIRMATIVE
EGP #825 | B1 | PAST / present perfect simple Can use the affirmative forms with a range of pronouns and nouns and an increasing range of verbs. Lexical range: 2
COMPLEX
EGP #844 | B1 | PREPOSITIONS / prepositions Can use an increasing range of complex prepositions. Lexical range: 2
NEGATIVE QUESTIONS WITH 'BE'
EGP #1038 | B1 | QUESTIONS / yes/no Can use main verb 'be' + 'n?t' to form negative 'yes/no' questions. Lexical range: N/A
VERB + PARTICLE + OBJECT
EGP #1060 | B1 | VERBS / phrasal Can use a limited range of phrasal verbs + particle + object. Lexical range: 1
FORM/USE: ORGANISING, ADDING
EGP #1136 | B1 | DISCOURSE MARKERS / discourse markers in writing Can use a range of words and phrases as discourse markers to add information. Lexical range: N/A
FORM/USE: PURPOSE, RESULT
EGP #245 | B1 | CLAUSES / subordinated Can use a finite subordinate clause with conjunctions ('so (that), in order that') to introduce purpose and result, after a main clause. Lexical range: N/A
NEGATIVE
EGP #516 | B1 | MODALITY / might Can use the negative form. Lexical range: N/A
REGRET
EGP #588 | B1 | MODALITY / should Can use 'should have' + '-ed' to talk about regrets or undesirable situations in the past. Lexical range: N/A
AFFIRMATIVE|
EGP #596 | B1 | MODALITY / used to Can use the affirmative form. Lexical range: N/A
NO LONGER TRUE
EGP #598 | B1 | MODALITY / used to Can use 'used to' to talk about repeated actions or states in the past that are no longer true. Lexical range: N/A
QUESTIONS
EGP #792 | B1 | PAST / past simple Can use 'yes/no', 'wh-', tag and negative question forms with a limited range of verbs. Lexical range: 1
VERB + PRONOUN + PARTICLE
EGP #1061 | B1 | VERBS / phrasal Can use an increasing range of phrasal verbs + object pronoun + particle. Lexical range: 2
NO OBJECT
EGP #1059 | B1 | VERBS / phrasal Can use an increasing range of phrasal verbs without an object. Lexical range: 2
'BE ABLE TO', PAST
EGP #469 | B1 | MODALITY / expressions with be Can use 'was able to', 'were able to' to talk about facts in the past. Lexical range: N/A
General comment
EGP #895 | B1 | PRONOUNS / possessive Lexical range: N/A