工业废物严重破坏了这条河流脆弱的生态系统。

Industrial waste has severely harmed the fragile ___ecology of the river.

城市发展不能以牺牲当地生态环境为代价。

Urban development must not come at the expense of the local ___ecology.

她是一位研究热带雨林复杂生态的专家。

She is an expert who studies the complex ___ecology of tropical rainforests.