那名学生的破坏性行为扰乱了整堂课。

The student's ___disruptive behavior disrupted the entire lesson.

当父母一方在国外工作时，对家庭来说可能非常具有破坏性。

It can be very ___disruptive for families when a parent works abroad.

新技术常常对传统行业具有破坏性。

New technologies are often ___disruptive to traditional industries.