这件毛衣必须手洗。

This sweater has to be washed ___by ___hand.

在我们有洗衣机之前，我母亲过去常常手洗衣服。

My mother used to wash clothes ___by ___hand before we had a washing machine.

这位艺术家手工制作每件雕塑。

The artist creates each sculpture ___by ___hand.