没有父母的同意，学生不能参加这次旅行。

Students cannot participate in the trip without parental ___consent.

市议会的角色是很好地组织活动，并且要在城市居民的同意下进行。

The council's role is to organize events well, and to do so with the ___consent of the city residents.

在进行实验之前，研究人员必须获得所有参与者的书面同意。

Before conducting the experiment, the researcher must obtain written ___consent from all participants.